The document discusses two methods for reported speech in English: direct speech and indirect (reported) speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and usually involves backshifting verbs to the past tense or past perfect tense depending on the time frame. Certain verbs like would, could, should do not change in reported speech. Time expressions may also need to be changed in indirect speech depending on the context.

1. TURBO English Reported Speech.

2. W języku angielskim istnieją dwa sposoby na raportowanie tego co powiedzieli inni.

3. Pierwszym ze sposobów jest mowa niezależna ( direct speech ).

4. W języku angielskim direct speech stosujemy do przytoczenia dosłownych słów wypowiedzianych przez drugą osobę.

5. He said, „I’m ill”. Powiedział, „Jestem chory”.

6. Drugim sposobem relacjonowania jest mowa zależna, czyli Reported/Indirect Speech .

7. He said (that) he was ill. Powiedział, że jest chory.

8. Backshifting. Podczas relacjonowania Następuje cofnięcie czasu.

9. He said, „I am happy.” They said, „We are sad.” She said, „I have a car.” I said, „I can swim.” He said he was happy. They said they were sad. She said, she had a car. I said, I could swim.

10. He said, „I will do it. She said, „I play tennis.” He said, „I saw her.” They said, „We must go.” He said, he would do it. She said, she played tennis. He said, he had seen her. They said they had to go.

11. Słowa takie jak would, could, should, might, had done nie zmieniają się.

12. She said she could draw when she was seven . Powiedziała, że potrafiła rysować w wieku siedmiu lat.

13. Jeśli stwierdzenie jest nadal prawdziwe w momencie relacjonowania, nie musimy cofać czasu.

14. Direct: „ It’s my favourite city”, he said. Indirect: He said it’s his favourite city.

15. Określenia czasu czasami ulegają zmianie.

16. Direct: He said, „I want the report tomorrow . Indirect (the same day): He said he wanted the report tomorrow . Indirect (later): He said he wanted the report the next day .

17. now today tonight tomorrow next week yesterday last night then that day that night the next/ following day the next/following week the day before the previous day the night before the previous night

18. TURBO English